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ToxSci Advance Access published online on January 19, 2005
Toxicological Sciences, doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfi086
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Toxicological Sciences © Society of Toxicology 2005; all rights reserved.
Received October 19, 2004
Accepted January 7, 2005

Environmental Toxicology

Mycotoxin Fumonisin B1 alters the cytokine profile and decreases the vaccinal antibody titer in pigs

Ionelia Taranu 1, Daniela E. Marin 1, Sandrine Bouhet 2, Florentina Pascale 3, Jean-Denis Bailly 4, J. David Miller 5, Phillipe Pinton 2, and Isabelle P. Oswald 2*

1 Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, UR 66, National Institute of Agronomic Research INRA, Toulouse, France; IBNA, Institute of Biology and Animal Nutrition, Balotesti, Romania
2 Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, UR 66, National Institute of Agronomic Research INRA, Toulouse, France
3 Pasteur Institute, Bucarest, Romania
4 Department of Mycotoxicology, Veterinary School of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
5 Ottawa-Carleton Institute of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Isabelle P. Oswald, E-mail: ioswald{at}toulouse.inra.fr


  Abstract

Fumonisin B1 (FB1), a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium verticillioides, may contaminate feed and food. In the present study, we investigated the effect of FB1 on the modulation of cytokine profile and on the establishment of a vaccinal antibody response. In vitro investigations on pig peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) indicate that FB1 decreased IL-4 and increased IFN-{gamma} synthesis at both the protein and mRNA levels. A short in vivo exposure (7 days) of weanling piglets to 1.5 mg/kg body weight of purified FB1 altered the cytokine balance in mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen similarly to the in vitro PBMC results. We also investigated the effect of FB1 on the antibody response during a vaccination process. A prolonged in vivo exposure (28 days) of weaning piglets to feed contaminated with 8 mg FB1/Kg significantly decreased the expression of IL-4 mRNA by porcine whole blood cells and diminished the specific antibody titer after vaccination against Mycoplasma agalactiae. By contrast, ingestion of the contaminated feed had no effect on the serum concentration of the immunoglobulin subset (IgG, IgA and IgM). Taken together our data suggest that, FB1 alters the cytokine profile and decrease the specific antibody response build during a vaccination protocol. These results may have implications for human or animals when eating contaminated food or feed.

Keywords: Fumonisin B1; PBMC; swine; cytokine; Th1/ Th2; specific antibody; immunoglobulin.
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