ToxSci Advance Access published online on March 2, 2005
Toxicological Sciences, doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfi137
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1
Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Experimental Air Pollution Laboratory, São Paulo, Brazil
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. The mechanisms involved in the association between air pollution and increased cardiovascular morbidity are not fully understood. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that PM2.5 induces systemic inflammation, and vasoconstriction of small arteries in the lung and heart of rats. Thirty-eight healthy Wistar rats were anaesthetized, intubated and submitted to the instillation of 1ml of distilled water diluted in: blank filter, 100µg and 500µg of PM2.5. PM2.5 was collected in glass fiber filters using a high volume sampler. The animals were sacrificed 24 hours after instillation when blood, heart and lung samples were collected for morphological and wet-to-dry weight ratio analysis. PM2.5 consisted of the following elements: sulphur, arsenic, bromine, chlorine, cobalt, iron, lanthanum, manganese, antimony, scandium and thorium. Total reticulocytes significantly increased at both PM2.5 doses (p<0.05) while hematocrit levels increased in the 500µg group (p<0.05). Quantification of segmented, neutrophils and fibrinogen levels showed a significant decrease, while lymphocytes counting increased with 100µg of PM2.5 (p<0.05). A significant dose-dependent decrease of intra-acinar pulmonary arterioles Lumen/Wall ratio (L/W) was observed in PM groups (p<0.001). Peribronchiolar arterioles L/W showed a significant decrease in the 500µg group (p<0.001). A significant increase in heart wet-to-dry weight ratio was observed in the 500µg group (p<0.001). In conclusion, fine environment particles in the city of Sao Paulo promote pulmonary and cardiac histological alterations. Pulmonary vasculature was markedly affected by particle instillation, resulting in significant vasoconstriction in healthy rats.
Received October 14, 2004
Accepted February 13, 2005
Environmental Toxicology
ACUTE CARDIOPULMONARY ALTERATIONS INDUCED BY FINE PARTICULATE MATTER OF SAO PAULO, BRAZIL
2
Pulmonary Division, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Experimental Air Pollution Laboratory, São Paulo, Brazil
3 Institute of Research in Nuclear Energy of the State of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
4
Department of Environmental Health, Physiology Program, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
Dolores Helena Rodriguez Ferreira Rivero, E-mail: dohelena{at}usp.br
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