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ToxSci Advance Access published online on March 16, 2005
Toxicological Sciences, doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfi143
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Toxicological Sciences © The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society of Toxicology. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oupjournals.org
Received December 22, 2005
Accepted March 4, 2005

Neurotoxicology

Long-term neurotoxicity of chlorpyrifos: Spatial learning impairment on repeated acquisition in water maze

Fernando Cañadas Ph.D.1, Diana Cardona Ph.D.2, Eva Dávila Ph.D.2, and Fernando Sánchez-Santed Ph.D.3*

1 Assistant professor, Departamento de Neurociencia y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Almería, La Cañada, 04120 Almería, Spain
2 student, Departamento de Neurociencia y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Almería, La Cañada, 04120 Almería, Spain
3 Assistant Professor, Departamento de Neurociencia y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Almería, La Cañada, 04120 Almería, Spain

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Fernando Sánchez-Santed, E-mail: fsanchez{at}ual.es


  Abstract

Organophosphate compounds are cholinesterase inhibitors widely used in agriculture, industry, households and even as chemical weapons. Their major mechanism of acute toxic action is the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, which is responsible for the degradation of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. An Organophosphorus Ester-Induced Chronic Neurotoxicity (OPICN) syndrome has been proposed. OPICN could result from both long-term exposure to subclinical doses of OPs and after acute poisoning. Development of animal models for the cognitive decline are required and could later help to elucidate the mechanisms involved in this long-term affectation of central nervous system. Previously, we have found performance decrements in a 4-trials repeated acquisition spatial task in a water maze. The present study includes two experiments to extend the long-term behavioural effects observed. Rats were injected either once or twice with chlorpyrifos (CPF) and then tested months after in a 2 trial repeated acquisition task in water maze. Our results confirm and extend the long-term behavioural effects of subcutaneous administration of CPF. The two treatments used produced performance decrements which suggest functional central nervous system alterations.

Keywords: Chlorpyrifos; Long-term neurotoxicity; Repeated acquisition; Water maze; Learning; Memory.
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