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ToxSci Advance Access published online on June 23, 2005
Toxicological Sciences, doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfi229
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© The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society of Toxicology. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oupjournals.org
Received February 3, 2005
Accepted June 9, 2005

Respiratory Toxicology

Temporal integration of nasal irritation from ammonia at threshold and supra-threshold levels

Paul M. Wise 1*, Thomas M. Canty 1, and Charles J. Wysocki 1

1 Monell Chemical Senses Center, 3500 Market Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104-3308

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Paul M. Wise, E-mail: pwise{at}monell.org


  Abstract

Two experiments examined integration of perceived irritation over short-term (~100-4000 milliseconds) delivery of ammonia into the nasal cavity of human subjects. Experiment 1 examined trade-offs between time and concentration at threshold-level using nasal lateralization, a common measure of irritation-threshold. Within experimental sessions, the duration of a fixed-concentration stimulus varied to determine the shortest, detectable pulse. Subjects could lateralize increasingly weaker concentrations with longer stimulus-presentations. Experiment 2 examined an analogous trade-off for supra-threshold irritation. Subjects rated irritation from presentations of ammonia that varied both in concentration and duration. Rated intensity for a given concentration increased with stimulus-duration. Hence integration occurred at both threshold- and supra-threshold levels. However, more than a two-fold increase in duration was required to compensate for a two-fold decrease in concentration to maintain threshold-lateralization or a fixed level of perceived intensity. These results suggest that an imperfect, mass-integrator model may be able to describe short-term integration of nasal irritation from ammonia at both threshold- and supra-threshold levels.


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