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ToxSci Advance Access published online on October 26, 2005
Toxicological Sciences, doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfj029
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© The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society of Toxicology. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org
Received June 13, 2005
Accepted October 17, 2005

Immunotoxiocology

Inorganic Mercury Inhibits the Activation of LAT in T Cell Receptor-Mediated Signal Transduction

Stamatina E. Ziemba 1, Raymond R. Mattingly 2, Michael J. McCabe Jr.3, and Allen J. Rosenspire 1*

1 Department of Immunology & Microbiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201
2 Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201
3 Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Allen J. Rosenspire, E-mail: arosensp{at}sun.science.wayne.edu


  Abstract

Little is known as to the molecular mechanisms involved with mercury intoxication at very low levels. Although the mechanism is not known, animal studies have nevertheless shown that low levels of mercury may target the immune system. Inorganic mercury (Hg2+) at very low (but non-toxic) levels can disrupt immune system homeostasis, in that genetically susceptible rodents develop idiosyncratic autoimmune disease, which is associated with defective T cell function. T lymphocyte function is intimately coupled to the T cell receptor. We have previously reported that on a molecular level, low concentrations of Hg 2+ disrupt signaling from the T cell receptor by interfering with activation of Ras and ERK MAP kinase. In this report we expand upon those results by showing that in T lymphocytes exposed to low concentration of Hg2+, Ras fails to become properly activated because upstream of Ras in the T cell signal transduction pathway, the important scaffolding element Linker for Activation of T Cells (LAT) fails to become properly phosphorylated. Hypo-phosphorylation of LAT occurs, because upstream of LAT, the LAT reactive tyrosine kinase ZAP-70 is also not properly activated in Hg2+ treated cells.

Keywords: LAT; T cell receptor; mercury; signalosome.
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