ToxSci Advance Access published online on December 1, 2005
Toxicological Sciences, doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfj053
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1 Department of Occupational Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. It has been reported that anti-metallothionein (a metallothionein antibody) is present in the circulation of healthy subjects and in patients suffering from atopic dermatitis. The aim of this study was to investigate whether cadmium-induced renal dysfunction is related to the presence of the plasma metallothionein antibody (MT-Ab) in workers exposed to cadmium (Cd) occupationally. Plasma metallothionein antibody was determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) techniques, and both exposure assessment and risk assessment were conducted in Cd exposed workers in China. We demonstrate that there is a significantly increased prevalence of renal dysfunction with respect to the level of urinary cadmium in a dose-dependant manner. We found no significant correlations between the levels of MT-Ab and the external or internal exposure doses of cadmium (P > 0.05), but the levels of MT-Ab did correlate positively with two biomarkers of renal dysfunction--urinary The authors certify that all research involving human subjects was done under full compliance with all government policies and the Helsinki Declaration.
Received October 13, 2005
Accepted November 15, 2005
Environmental Toxicology
Plasma Metallothionein Antibody and Cadmium-Induced Renal Dysfunction in an Occupational Population in China
Liang Chen 1,
Taiyi Jin 2 *,
Bo Huang 1,
Xiuli Chang 1,
Lijiang Lei 1,
Gunnar F. Nordberg 3,
and
Monica Nordberg 4
2 Department of Occupational Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Environmental Medicine; Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden
3 Environmental Medicine; Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden
4 Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
Taiyi Jin, E-mail: tyjin{at}shmu.edu.cn
Abstract 
2-microglobulin (UB2M; r = 0.218, P < 0.05) and N-acetyl--D-glucosaminidase (UNAG; r = 0.302, P < 0.001)--in the cadmium-exposed workers. Workers having high levels of MT-Ab display cadmium-induced tubular nephrotoxicity more frequently than those possessing low levels of MT-Ab, odds ratio (OR) 4.2; 95%-confidence intervals 1.2-14.5 (P < 0.05). This study suggests that subjects having higher MT-Ab levels more readily develop cadmium-induced renal dysfunction. Thus, the levels of plasma MT-Ab can be used as a biomarker of susceptibility to renal dysfunction in occupational cadmium exposure.
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