ToxSci Advance Access published online on January 12, 2006
Toxicological Sciences, doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfj101
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1 Integrated Laboratory Systems, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Mutational incidence and spectra for genes examined in both human and mouse lung and liver tumors were analyzed using the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) Genetic Alterations in Cancer (GAC) knowledge system (http://dir-apps.niehs.nih.gov/gac). GAC is a publicly available, web-based system for evaluating data obtained from peer reviewed studies of genetic changes in tumors associated with exposure to chemical, physical, or biological agents as well as spontaneous tumors. In mice, mutations in Kras2 and Hras-1 were the most common events reported for lung and liver tumors, respectively, whether chemically induced or spontaneous. There was a significant difference in Kras2 mutation incidence for spontaneous versus induced mouse lung tumors and in Hras-1 mutation incidence and spectrum for spontaneous versus induced mouse liver tumors. The major gene changes reported for human lung and liver tumors were in KRAS2 (lung only) and TP53. The KRAS2 mutation incidence was similar for spontaneous and asbestos-induced human lung tumors, while the TP53 mutation incidence differed significantly. Aflatoxin B1, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and vinyl chloride all caused TP53 mutations in human liver tumors, but the mutation spectrum for each agent differed. The incidence of KRAS2 mutations in human compared to mouse lung tumors differed significantly as did the incidence of Hras and p53 gene mutations in human compared to mouse liver tumors. Differences observed in the mutation spectra for agent-induced compared to spontaneous tumors and similarities in spectra for structurally similar agents support the concept that mutation spectra can serve as a "fingerprint" of exposure based on chemical structure.
Received September 9, 2005
Accepted December 9, 2005
Genetic Toxicology
Genetic Alterations in Cancer Knowledge System: Analysis of Gene Mutations in Mouse and Human Liver and Lung Tumors
Marcus A. Jackson 1,
Isabel Lea 1,
Asif Rashid 2,
Shyamal D. Peddada 3,
and
June K. Dunnick 3 *
2 Alpha-Gamma Technologies Inc., 4700 Falls of Neuse Rd., Suite 350, Raleigh, NC 27609
3 National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
June K. Dunnick, E-mail: dunnickj{at}niehs.nih.gov
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