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ToxSci Advance Access published online on April 13, 2006
Toxicological Sciences, doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfj199
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© The Author 2006. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society of Toxicology. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org
Received February 6, 2006
Accepted April 10, 2006

Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology

7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene Interferes with the Development of Cultured Mouse Mandibular Molars

Eija Peltonen 1 *, Pirjo-Liisa Lukinmaa 2, Carin Sahlberg 1, Anna-Maija Partanen 1, Anu Kiukkonen 3, and Satu Alaluusua 4

1 Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
2 Department of Oral Pathology, Institute of Dentistry, 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Pathology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
3 Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Oral Pathology, Institute of Dentistry, 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
4 Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Eija Peltonen, E-mail: eija.peltonen{at}helsinki.fi


  Abstract

Clinical studies suggest that maternal smoking during pregnancy can reduce the crown size of the child's teeth. Delayed dental age compared with chronological age has also been reported in children whose parents smoke. Among the main components of tobacco smoke are non-halogenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), many of which are highly toxic. Humans are exposed to PAH compounds mainly via tobacco smoke and diet. The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of PAHs on tooth formation and the function of tooth-forming cells. We exposed mouse (NMRI) E18 mandibular first and second molar explants to 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA), a toxic PAH compound, in organ culture for 7 or 12 days. DMBA concentrations used were 0.1, 0.5, 1 and 2 µM. The mesio-distal width of each first molar (12-day culture) was measured in stereomicroscopic images and the teeth were analysed histologically. DMBA exposure significantly reduced the mesio-distal width of the first molars. DMBA impaired or delayed amelogenesis and dentinogenesis in both molars at the lowest concentration of 0.1 µM. DMBA affected enamel formation more severely than dentin formation and occasionally prevented amelogenesis completely. Elongation and polarization of ameloblasts was impaired and blood vessel architecture of the dental papilla (future pulp) was altered. Cusps were thin and sharp. In line with the finding that maternal smoking during pregnancy has an adverse effect on child's tooth development, this study shows the toxic influence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on tooth development in vitro.

Keywords: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene; Tooth development; Mineralization; Blood vessels; Mouse.
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