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ToxSci Advance Access published online on May 4, 2006
Toxicological Sciences, doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfl005
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© The Author 2006. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society of Toxicology. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org
Received February 10, 2006
Accepted April 25, 2006

Immunotoxiocology

Immunomodulatory Effects of Estradiol and Cadmium in Adult Female Rats

Stéphane Pillet 1, Michele D'Elia 1, Jacques Bernier 1, Jean-Marie Bouquegneau 2, Michel Fournier 1, and Daniel G. Cyr 1 *

1 INRS - Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, 245 Hymus boulevard, Pointe-Claire (QC), H9R 1G6
2 Department of Oceanology, Université de Liège, B6 Sart-Tilman, B-4000 Liège, Belgium

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Daniel G. Cyr, E-mail: daniel.cyr{at}iaf.inrs.ca


  Abstract

A wide range of toxic effects have been associated with cadmium (Cd) exposure in mammals. However, the physiological factors that modulate these effects have received limited attention. We have previously demonstrated that neonatal exposure of rats to Cd during lactation results in sex-specific immunotoxic effects in both juvenile and adult rats. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of estradiol (E2) on the immunotoxicity of Cd in female rats. We compared the effects of 28 days exposure to 0, 5 and 25 ppm cadmium chloride (CdCl2) through drinking water on ovariectomized (OV) Sprague-Dawley rats and on ovariectomized rats with E2 implant (OVE) which mimicked the physiological level of E2 in female rat. Our results clarify the control of important immune functions by E2 at physiological level, and demonstrate significant interactions between Cd and E2 effects on the cytotoxic activity of natural killer cells and phagocytosis of splenic cells as well as on the total number of thymocytes and of the 4 subpopulations of the thymocytes as defined by the expression of the cell surface markers CD4 and CD8. Cd and E2 share several mechanisms of action which may account for these interactions. The estrogenic potential of Cd could also account for some of the observed effects. These interactions have to be taken into consideration in evaluating the risk of Cd immunotoxicity and the possible interactions with hormonal treatments.

Keywords: cadmium; estradiol; immunotoxic effects; ovariectomized rats.
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