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ToxSci Advance Access published online on May 5, 2007
Toxicological Sciences, doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfm108
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© The Author 2007. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society of Toxicology. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Clearing the Standards Landscape: The Semantics of Terminology and Their Impact on Toxicogenomics

Lyle D. Burgoon

Toxicogenomic Informatics and Solutions, LLC

Contact: Lyle D. Burgoon, Ph.D., Chief Executive Officer and Managing Member, Toxicogenomic Informatics and Solutions, LLC, P.O. Box 27482, Lansing, MI 48909. e-mail: burgoonL{at}txisllc.com

Received March 12, 2007; revision received April 30, 2007; accepted May 1, 2007


  Abstract

The emergence of the microarray data standards, especially the Minimum Information About a Microarray Experiment (MIAME), has spurred several organizations to develop their own standards for a myriad of technologies, including proteomics and metabolomics. These efforts have facilitated the creation of several large-scale gene expression repositories, including the toxicology-focused Chemical Effects in Biological Systems Knowledgebase at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. Recently, efforts have been moved towards developing toxicogenomic data standards (e.g. MIAME-Tox), and the US Food and Drug Administration and the US Environmental Protection Agency either have developed or are developing regulatory guidance with respect to pharmaco- and toxicogenomics. However, for the toxicology community to be engaged in the process of standards development and approval, there needs to be a more thorough understanding of the terms associated with electronic data sharing and communication, especially with respect to defining the terms "standard", "controlled vocabulary", "object model", "markup language", and "ontology". This review will discuss these terms, especially as they pertain to toxicogenomics, how they relate to one-another, and what current efforts exist that may impact toxicology.


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