ToxSci Advance Access published online on September 22, 2007
Toxicological Sciences, doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfm245
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Reversibility of the Adverse Effects of 1-Bromopropane Exposure in Rats
1 Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan 2 Department of Human Functional Genomics, Life Science Research Center, Mie University, Tsu, Japan 3 School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China 4 Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai, Japan 5 Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, China 6 Emeritus Professor, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan 7 Center for Reproductive Medicine, Toyohashi Municipal Hospital, Toyohashi, Japan 8 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
Corresponding author: A/Prof. Gaku Ichihara, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan. Phone: +81 (52) 744-2126, Fax: +81 (52) 744-2124, e-mail: gak{at}med.nagoya-u.ac.jp
Received June 24, 2007; revision received September 14, 2007; accepted September 17, 2007
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Abstract |
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Previous experiments indicated that 1-bromopropane (1-BP), an alternative to chloroflurocarbons, is neurotoxic and inhibits spermiation in the testis. Here we investigated the reversibility of the toxic effects of 1-BP in rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into three equal groups of 24 each and exposed by inhalation to 0, 400 or 1000 ppm of 1-BP for 6 weeks (8 hrs/day, 7 days/week). Eight rats from each group were sacrificed at the end of 6-week exposure, and at 4 and 14 weeks after the end of exposure, to assess the recovery processes. We studied sperm count, motility, morphology and testicular histopathology, as well as blood pressure, skin temperature and hindlimb muscle strength. At the end of 6 weeks of exposure to 1000 ppm (0 week recovery), testicular weight, epididymal weight, sperm count and motility were low, morphologically abnormal sperm were increased and spermatogenic cells showed diffuse degeneration. These changes did not show full recovery at 14 weeks recovery, with the exception of the prostate and seminal vesicular weights, which recovered back to control values. At 400 ppm, increased retained spermatids at 0 week recovery returned to normal at 4 weeks recovery. Exposure to 1000 ppm produced sustained reduction of hindlimb muscle strength at 14 weeks recovery, whereas normalization of the skin temperature and blood pressure was noted after transient changes. Our study showed that the effect of 1-BP on spermatogenesis is dose-dependent; low exposure inhibited spermiation and hormone-dependent organ weight reduction and these changes were transient, while a higher dose of 1000 ppm 1-BP caused persistent depletion of spermatogenic cells.
Key Words: neurotoxicity; reproductive toxicity; 1-bromopropane; spermatogenic cells; spermiation; 
-enolase.
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