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ToxSci Advance Access published online on September 22, 2007
Toxicological Sciences, doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfm246
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© The Author 2007. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society of Toxicology. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Pathophysiological Role of Osteopontin in Hepatic Inflammation, Toxicity and Cancer

Shashi K. Ramaiah, DVM, PhD, Diplomate ACVP, DABT*,1 and Susan Rittling, PhD2

1 Assistant Professor, Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, MS- 4467, College Station, TX 77843-4467, Tel: (979) 458-4725; Fax: (979) 845-9972 2 Associate Member of the Staff, The Forsyth Institute, Boston MA 02115

* Author for correspondence E-mail: sramaiah{at}cvm.tamu.edu

Received July 6, 2007; revision received September 10, 2007; accepted September 14, 2007


  Abstract

Osteopontin (OPN) is a highly modified integrin-binding extracellular matrix glycophosphoprotein produced by cells of the immune system, epithelial tissue, smooth muscle cells, osteoblasts and tumor cells. Extensive research has elucidated the pivotal role of OPN in cell signaling that controls inflammation, tumor progression and metastasis. OPN interaction with the integrin receptors expressed on inflammatory cells through its RGD and non-RGD motifs promote migration and adhesion of cells. In the liver, it has been reported that hepatic Kupffer cells secrete OPN facilitating macrophage infiltration into necrotic areas following carbon tetrachloride liver toxicity. Recent work has highlighted the role of OPN in inflammatory liver diseases such as alcoholic and non alcoholic liver disease and T-cell mediated hepatitis. The role of OPN in hepatocellular carcinoma has also generated significant interest especially with regards to its role as a prognostic factor. OPN therefore appear to play an important role during liver inflammation and cancer. In this review we will present data to demonstrate the key role played by OPN in mediating hepatic inflammation (neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages and lymphocytes) and its role in hepatocellular carcinoma. Greater understanding of the pathophysiologic role of OPN in hepatic inflammation and cancer may enable development of novel inflammation and cancer treatment strategies.

Key Words: Hepatic injury; hepatic carcinoma; inflammation; neutrophils; osteopontin.


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