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ToxSci Advance Access published online on February 14, 2008
Toxicological Sciences, doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfn027
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© The Author 2008. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society of Toxicology. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Reactive oxygen species contribute to lipopolysaccharide-induced teratogenesis in mice

Lei Zhao*, Yuan-Hua Chen*, Hua Wang*, Yan-Li Ji, Huan Ning, Su-Fang Wang, Cheng Zhang, Jin-Wei Lu, Zi-Hao Duan and De-Xiang Xu

Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China

Address Correspondence to: Prof. De-Xiang Xu, Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Tel: +86 551 5167923; Fax: +86 551 5161179; Email: xudex{at}mail.hf.ah.cn

Received November 30, 2007; revision received February 6, 2008; accepted February 6, 2008


  Abstract

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has been associated with adverse developmental outcome, including embryonic resorption, fetal death and growth retardation and preterm delivery. In the present study, we showed that an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection with LPS daily from gestational day (gd) 8 to gd 12 resulted in the incidence of external malformations. The highest incidence of malformed fetuses was observed in fetuses from dams exposed to 20 µg/kg LPS, in which 34.9% of fetuses per litter were externally malformed. In addition, 17.4% of fetuses per litter in 30 µg/kg group and 12.5% of fetuses per litter in 10 µg/kg group were externally malformed. Importantly, external malformations were also observed in fetuses from dams exposed to only two doses of LPS (20 µg/kg, i.p.) on gd 8, in which 76.5% (13/17) of litters and 39.1% of fetuses per litter were affected. LPS-induced teratogenicity seemed to be associated with oxidative stress in fetal environment, measured by lipid peroxidation, nitrotyrosine residues and glutathione (GSH) depletion in maternal liver, embryo and placenta. Alpha-phenyl-N-t-butylnitrone (PBN, 100 mg/kg, i.p.), a free radical spin-trapping agent, abolished LPS-induced lipid peroxidation, nitrotyrosine residues and GSH depletion. Consistent with its antioxidant effects, PBN decreased the incidence of external malformations. Taken together, these results suggest that ROS might be, at least partially, involved in LPS-induced teratogenesis.

Key Words: Lipopolysaccharide; teratogenicity; reactive oxygen species.

* These authors contributed equally to this work.


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