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ToxSci Advance Access published online on August 18, 2008
Toxicological Sciences, doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfn171
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© The Author 2008. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society of Toxicology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Higher levels of ethyl paraben and butyl paraben in rat amniotic fluid than in maternal plasma after subcutaneous administration

Hanne Frederiksen*,1, Camilla Taxvig{dagger}, Ulla Hass{dagger}, Anne Marie Vinggaard{dagger} and Christine Nellemann{dagger}

* Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark {dagger} Department of Toxicology and Risk Assessment, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark

1 To whom correspondence should be addressed at Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Phone: +45 3545 9592. Fax: +45 3545 6054. E-mail: hanne.01.frederiksen{at}rh.regionh.dk

Received May 30, 2008; revision received July 16, 2008; accepted July 17, 2008


  Abstract

Parabens are a group of antimicrobial preservatives widely used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and in foods. Previous in vitro and in vivo studies have shown weak estrogenic effects of some parabens. Thus, especially exposure of foetus and infants via the mother is a matter of concern. In order to obtain more knowledge about the distribution of ethyl paraben and butyl paraben in pregnant rats and pups after perinatal exposure, the presented study was designed. The data shows response and distribution of ethyl paraben and butyl paraben in maternal rat plasma, pools of amniotic fluids, placenta, whole body foetuses, and in foetal liver after dosing of dams with 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg bw/day from gestational day 7 to 21. After caesarean section of dams, the fluids and tissues were collected, deconjugated, purified by solid phase extraction, and ethyl paraben and butyl paraben were analysed by LC-MS/MS. Markedly higher levels of ethyl paraben compared to butyl paraben were found in all fluids and tissues. Both ethyl paraben and butyl paraben in maternal plasma, livers and whole body tissues from foetus seemed to be saturated after dosing with ≥ 100 mg/kg bw/day, while both compounds were excreted into amniotic fluid in a dose-dependent manner. Significant difference was found between the level of ethyl paraben in maternal plasma and amniotic fluid after dosing with 200 mg/kg bw/day as well as between the levels of butyl paraben in maternal plasma and amniotic fluid after dosing with 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg bw/day.

Key Words: Ethyl paraben; butyl paraben; distribution; pregnant rat; endocrine disruptor.


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