Skip Navigation



ToxSci Advance Access published online on September 23, 2008
Toxicological Sciences, doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfn199
This Article
Right arrow Advance Access manuscript (PDF) Freely available
Right arrow All Versions of this Article:
106/2/423    most recent
kfn199v1
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Add to My Personal Archive
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowRequest Permissions
Right arrow Disclaimer
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Arts, J.H.E.
Right arrow Articles by Kuper, C.F.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Arts, J.H.E.
Right arrow Articles by Kuper, C.F.
Social Bookmarking
Add to CiteULike   Add to Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us  
What's this?

© The Author 2008. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society of Toxicology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

The Respiratory Local Lymph Node Assay as a Tool to Study Respiratory Sensitisers

J.H.E. Arts1,2, W.H. de Jong3, J.J. van Triel1, M.A. Schijf1, A. de Klerk3, H. van Loveren3,4 and C.F. Kuper1,*

1 TNO Quality of Life, Zeist 3 RIVM, Bilthoven 4 Maastricht University, the Netherlands

* To whom correspondence should be addressed at TNO Quality of Life, Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, P.O. Box 360, 3700 AJ Zeist, The Netherlands. Tel: + 31 30 69 444 78, Fax: + 31 30 69 44 986, E-mail: frieke.kuper{at}tno.nl

Received July 2, 2008; revision received August 29, 2008; accepted August 29, 2008


  Abstract

The LLNA is used to test the potential of low molecular weight (LMW) compounds to induce sensitization via the skin. In the present study, a respiratory LLNA was developed. Male BALB/c mice were exposed head/nose-only during 3 consecutive days for 45, 90, 180 or 360 min/day to various LMW allergens. Ear application (skin LLNA) was used as a positive control. Negative controls were exposed to the vehicle. Three days after the last exposure, proliferation was determined in the draining mandibular lymph nodes and the respiratory tract was examined microscopically. Upon inhalation, the allergens trimellitic anhydride (TMA), phthalic anhydride (PA), hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), toluene diisocyanate (TDI), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB), oxazolone (OXA) were positive and showed stimulation indices (SI) up to 11, whereas trimeric IPDI, formaldehyde and methylsalicyate were negative (viz. SI lower than 3). All compounds, except trimeric IPDI, induced histopathological lesions predominantly in the upper respiratory tract. Exposure by inhalation is a realistic approach to test respiratory allergens. However, based on the local toxicity, the dose that can be applied is (generally) much lower than can be achieved by skin application. It is concluded that strong LMW allergens, regardless their immunological nature, besides the skin can also sensitize the body via the respiratory tract. In addition, the contact allergens were as potent as the respiratory allergens, although the potency ranking differed from that in a skin LLNA.

Key Words: sensitizers; respiratory allergy; contact allergy; LLNA; potency.

2 Present address: Akzo Nobel Technology & Engineering, Arnhem


Add to CiteULike CiteULike   Add to Connotea Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us Del.icio.us    What's this?




Disclaimer: Please note that abstracts for content published before 1996 were created through digital scanning and may therefore not exactly replicate the text of the original print issues. All efforts have been made to ensure accuracy, but the Publisher will not be held responsible for any remaining inaccuracies. If you require any further clarification, please contact our Customer Services Department.